COBRA Web Edition
CO-Benefits Risk Assessment (COBRA) is a screening tool that enables state, local, and tribal government staff and others interested in the effects of air pollution to estimate the air quality and health benefits of different emissions scenarios.
You are using the web-based version of COBRA. For the COBRA desktop application, visit the COBRA download page.
Step 1: Build Scenario
Complete the sections below and click "Add to Scenario."
A. Select Location Required
Select the states or counties where the emissions changes will occur.
Step 2: Review Scenario
Step 3: View Results
Step 3: View Results
A. Summary of Health Effects Results
Below is a table with the health effects results based on your scenario.
You are viewing results for all contiguous U.S. states. This is because changes in air quality can impact health endpoints in multiple locations due to the transportation of emissions across state and county lines.
Use the filters below to see health effects for a specific state or county.
Results for: All Contiguous U.S. States
Health Endpoint | Pollutant | Change in Incidence (cases, annual) | Monetary Value (dollars, annual) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | High | Low | High | ||
PM2.5 | O3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Nonfatal Heart Attacks | PM2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Infant Mortality | PM2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
PM2.5 | O3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
PM2.5 | O3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
PM2.5 | O3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
PM2.5 | O3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Emergency Room Visits, Asthma | O3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Lung Cancer Incidence | PM2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Hospital Admits, Cardio-Cerebro/Peripheral Vascular Disease | PM2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Hospital Admits, Alzheimers Disease | PM2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Hospital Admits, Parkinsons Disease | PM2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Stroke Incidence | PM2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
PM2.5 | O3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cardiac Arrest, Out of Hospital | PM2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Emergency Room Visits, All Cardiac | PM2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Minor Restricted Activity Days | PM2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
School Loss Days | O3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Work Loss Days | PM2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total Health Effects from PM2.5 | 0 | 0 | |||
Total Health Effects from O3 | 0 | 0 | |||
Total Health Effects | 0 | 0 |
Note: Dollar amounts shown are based on 2023 currency values. Additionally, all values have been rounded to 2 significant figures. Please export the results in order to see values prior to rounding.
* The Low and High values represent differences in the methods used to estimate some of the health impacts in COBRA. For example, high and low results for avoided premature mortality are based on two different epidemiological studies of the impacts of PM2.5 on mortality in the United States.
B. Map of Health Effects and Air Quality Results
Below is a map showing health effects and air quality data based on your scenario.
Use the filter below to change the map's data layer. Click on a county on the map to explore the data.